Running a trained model on new input to produce an output - the live serving step where AI actually does its work, and where governance has to act.
AI inference is the act of using an already-trained model to produce a result from a new input - a completion from a prompt, a classification from a record, an embedding from a document. It is distinct from training, which builds the model; inference is the far more frequent operation, run on every request an application makes.
Because inference is where a model meets live data and real users, it is the moment governance has to apply. Every prompt sent for inference can carry sensitive data out, and every response can bring unsafe content back - so controlling AI at inference time, inline on each call, is what turns a written policy into an actual constraint on behavior.
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